Vitruvius's Analemma
The sky is tilted to the latitude of the place: the equinoctial ray leaves the gnomon tip A at altitude 90−φ. The menaeus supplies the noon ray for each sign; extended to the ground, it lays the date scale on the meridian line of the dial. The declination calculator itself is explained on the page Menaeus.
sin δ = sin ε · sin λ · umbra = g · tan(φ − δ)
Drag the pointer on the menaeus to choose the solar longitude λ.